Sikhism – Core Teachings and Spirituality

Abstract

Sikhism, founded by Guru Nanak Dev Ji in the late 15th century in Punjab, emphasizes monotheism, equality, and selfless service. Rejecting the caste system, religious intolerance, and social inequality, it promotes the oneness of God and equality among all humans. Guru Nanak’s teachings, shaped by his spiritual journeys across India, Sri Lanka, and the Middle East, laid the foundation for Sikhism. The religion blends elements of Hinduism and Islam, maintaining a distinct identity while advocating for social justice, including the eradication of caste distinctions and the empowerment of women. After Guru Nanak, the teachings of nine successive Gurus furthered Sikhism’s evolution. Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Guru, declared the Guru Granth Sahib as the eternal Guru. Sikhism’s core principles include devotion to God, spiritual discipline, and social justice, with practices like Langar (community kitchen) emphasizing equality and selfless service. The Three Pillars—Naam Japna (remembrance of God), Kirat Karni (honest work), and Vand Chakna (sharing with others)—guide followers towards living a righteous life. Guru Nanak's respect for interfaith harmony, including reverence for Prophet Muhammad (صلی اللہ علیہ وآلہٖ وسلم) and the Quran, promotes unity and peace. Sikhism’s spiritual philosophy, rejecting idol worship and ritualism, is grounded in love, equality, and the oneness of God (Waheguru). Gender equality, social justice, and a holistic approach to life, including the care of nature, are key aspects of the faith. The Khalsa, initiated by Guru Gobind Singh, symbolizes spiritual discipline and moral integrity, guided by the Five Ks: Kesh (unshorn hair), Kangha (comb), Kara (iron bracelet), Kachera (cotton undergarment), and Kirpan (sword).