کلامِ اقبال میں مکالماتی شعریات: فنی، فکری اور جمالیاتی جہات کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Dialogic Poetics in Iqbal’s Poetry: A Critical Study of Its Artistic, Intellectual, and Aesthetic Dimensions

Abstract

This article examines the nature, significance, and artistic dimensions of the dialogue technique in the poetry of Allama Muhammad Iqbal. Drawing upon classical and modern theories of dialogue, including the Platonic tradition, dramatic monologue, and Mikhail Bakhtin’s concept of dialogism, the study explores how Iqbal transformed dialogue into a powerful poetic and intellectual strategy. The research argues that dialogue in Iqbal’s poetry is not merely a stylistic ornament but a dynamic medium for the expression of philosophical ideas, spiritual insights, cultural consciousness, and civilizational critique. Through textual analysis of poems such as Aql-o-Dil, Pahār aur Gilahrī, Aik Makrā aur Makkhī, Shikwah, Jawab-e-Shikwah, and Iblīs kī Majlis-e-Shūrā, the study demonstrates how Iqbal employs direct dialogue, personification, allegory, dramatic tension, and multiple voices to create intellectual engagement and aesthetic vitality. Special attention is given to the dialogic structure of Shikwah and Jawab-e-Shikwah, where human consciousness and divine wisdom interact in a profound poetic discourse. The article concludes that dialogue occupies a central position in Iqbal’s poetic art, enabling him to communicate complex philosophical concepts through dramatic and emotionally compelling forms. Consequently, Iqbal emerges not only as a philosopher-poet but also as a highly accomplished literary artist whose mastery of dialogue significantly enriches the artistic and communicative power of Urdu poetry.